Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Reconstructing the Islets: Advances in 3D Pancreatic Organoid Models for Functional β-Cell Replacement

doi: 10.3390/ijms27031280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune protection strategies for pancreatic organoid-based β-cell replacement. This schematic illustrates three complementary immune-protection paradigms applied to pancreatic organoids and stem cell-derived islet-like constructs. ( Left ) Encapsulation strategies, including micro- and macroencapsulation, physically isolate transplanted organoids from host immune cells while permitting diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, glucose, and insulin; key limitations such as diffusion constraints, hypoxia, and fibrotic foreign-body responses are indicated. ( Middle ) Hypoimmunogenic engineering approaches involve genetic modulation of immune recognition pathways, including HLA editing and expression of immune checkpoint molecules (e.g., PD-L1, CD47, HLA-E) and immunoregulatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10, TGF-β), enabling host integration but remaining vulnerable to incomplete immune evasion and natural killer cell-mediated clearance. ( Right ) An emerging hybrid strategy integrates partial encapsulation with targeted immunoengineering to enhance vascular integration, immune tolerance, and long-term graft survival.

Article Snippet: More recently, Vertex Pharmaceuticals reported promising outcomes using a stem cell-derived islet cell therapy (VX-880), where all treated T1D patients showed engraftment and glucose-responsive insulin production within 90 days, and most achieved near-complete insulin independence (11 of 12 patients reduced or eliminated insulin use, and most achieved HbA 1 c < 7.0%) [ , ].

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Construct, Encapsulation, Diffusion-based Assay, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Reconstructing the Islets: Advances in 3D Pancreatic Organoid Models for Functional β-Cell Replacement

doi: 10.3390/ijms27031280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preclinical and early clinical translation of pancreatic organoid-based β-cell replacement therapies. This schematic illustrates the translational pipeline from preclinical development to early human application of stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors, islet-like clusters, and organoid constructs for diabetes therapy. In animal models, hPSC-derived β-like cells organized into three-dimensional organoids or scaffold-supported platforms restore glycemic control, enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and improve graft maturation and engraftment compared with conventional two-dimensional cultures. Early clinical programs using encapsulated pancreatic progenitors and fully differentiated stem cell-derived islet products demonstrate safety, engraftment, endogenous C-peptide production, and reductions in exogenous insulin requirements, although outcomes remain variable. Persistent challenges include immune protection, long-term graft durability, functional maturation, and scalable manufacturing for broad clinical translation.

Article Snippet: More recently, Vertex Pharmaceuticals reported promising outcomes using a stem cell-derived islet cell therapy (VX-880), where all treated T1D patients showed engraftment and glucose-responsive insulin production within 90 days, and most achieved near-complete insulin independence (11 of 12 patients reduced or eliminated insulin use, and most achieved HbA 1 c < 7.0%) [ , ].

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Construct, Control, Functional Assay

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: The dawn of diabetic wound healing

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i12.1066

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in diabetic cutaneous wound healing. A: signaling pathways most frequently studied in diabetic wound models and may potentially confirmed in diabetic chronic wounds; B: microenvironmental changes in inflammatory stage of wound healing after using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes; C: microenvironmental changes in proliferative stage of wound healing after using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: Phophatidylinositol3-kinase; Akt/PKB: Protein kinase B; RAS: Rat sarcoma; Raf: Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein; ERK: Extracellular signal regulated kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-B; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; Smad2/3/4: Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic.

Article Snippet: 2023 , Aegle Therapeutics (USA) , Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB); chronic wounds (< 20% closure of wound during observation period); 10-50 cm 2 , Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicle (AGLE-102) , Allogeneic , Multiple administrations of 2 ascending dose levels of AGLE-102; (up to 6 administrations); (each administration will occur 14 ± 7 d but no less than 7 d apart); (each administration no more than 3 mo); (wound closes prior to 6 administrations, no additional doses will be given) , 10 , 8 mo; if the wound closes before receiving all 6 doses, for 4 mo after the wound closes , Primary: Dose limiting toxicity , Phase 1/2 , Non-randomized, multicenter, ascending dose, single group assignment, open label , NCT04173650 , Not yet recruiting.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: World Journal of Diabetes

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: The dawn of diabetic wound healing

doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i12.1066

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical trials of exosomes in treating various wounds

Article Snippet: 2023 , Aegle Therapeutics (USA) , Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB); chronic wounds (< 20% closure of wound during observation period); 10-50 cm 2 , Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicle (AGLE-102) , Allogeneic , Multiple administrations of 2 ascending dose levels of AGLE-102; (up to 6 administrations); (each administration will occur 14 ± 7 d but no less than 7 d apart); (each administration no more than 3 mo); (wound closes prior to 6 administrations, no additional doses will be given) , 10 , 8 mo; if the wound closes before receiving all 6 doses, for 4 mo after the wound closes , Primary: Dose limiting toxicity , Phase 1/2 , Non-randomized, multicenter, ascending dose, single group assignment, open label , NCT04173650 , Not yet recruiting.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Sterility, Saline

Journal: Clinics

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review

doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100237

Figure Lengend Snippet: Narrative reviews on the administration of ASCs in chronic or acute lung diseases.

Article Snippet: Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells (AdMSCs) for COVID-19 (2020) , • Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study conducted in multiple clinic facilities , • 200 participants (> 18 years; male or female; have banked AdMSCs in Celltex; written informed consent; highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections, no terminal stages; no previous COVID-19 history, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or equivalent tests negative; SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG negative) , • Three doses of 200 million autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells via intravenously infusion every three days , • Three doses of placebo via intravenously infusion every three days. , • Primary outcomes: Assessment of the total number of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the medication [Time Frame: 6 months]; Proportion of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the ASCs infusions as compared to the control group [Time Frame: 6 months]; COVID-19 incidence rates [Time Frame: 6 months] , Not yet recruiting.

Techniques: Histopathology, Immunohistochemistry, Clinical Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Genetically Modified, Activity Assay, Generated

Journal: Clinics

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review

doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100237

Figure Lengend Snippet: Published clinical trials on the administration of ASCs in chronic or acute lung diseases.

Article Snippet: Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells (AdMSCs) for COVID-19 (2020) , • Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study conducted in multiple clinic facilities , • 200 participants (> 18 years; male or female; have banked AdMSCs in Celltex; written informed consent; highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections, no terminal stages; no previous COVID-19 history, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or equivalent tests negative; SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG negative) , • Three doses of 200 million autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells via intravenously infusion every three days , • Three doses of placebo via intravenously infusion every three days. , • Primary outcomes: Assessment of the total number of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the medication [Time Frame: 6 months]; Proportion of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the ASCs infusions as compared to the control group [Time Frame: 6 months]; COVID-19 incidence rates [Time Frame: 6 months] , Not yet recruiting.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Control, Transplantation Assay, Infection

Journal: Clinics

Article Title: Mesenchymal stem cells in lung diseases and their potential use in COVID-19 ARDS: A systematized review

doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100237

Figure Lengend Snippet: Unpublished clinical trials on the administration of ASCs in chronic or acute lung diseases.

Article Snippet: Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells (AdMSCs) for COVID-19 (2020) , • Phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study conducted in multiple clinic facilities , • 200 participants (> 18 years; male or female; have banked AdMSCs in Celltex; written informed consent; highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infections, no terminal stages; no previous COVID-19 history, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or equivalent tests negative; SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG negative) , • Three doses of 200 million autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells via intravenously infusion every three days , • Three doses of placebo via intravenously infusion every three days. , • Primary outcomes: Assessment of the total number of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the medication [Time Frame: 6 months]; Proportion of AEs/SAEs related and non-related with the ASCs infusions as compared to the control group [Time Frame: 6 months]; COVID-19 incidence rates [Time Frame: 6 months] , Not yet recruiting.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Derivative Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Isolation, Saline, Transplantation Assay, Concentration Assay, Functional Assay, Control, Infection, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Activity Assay, Comparison, Injection, Computed Tomography, Sterility, Coagulation

Journal: Bioengineering

Article Title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Are a Promising Alternative to Antibiotics for Treating Sepsis

doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11111160

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been administrated for partial human diseases, including the preclinical effects of MSC therapy for sepsis.

Article Snippet: Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Prochymal , Crohn’s Disease , Osiris Therapeutics , United States , 2009.

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Activity Assay, Functional Assay, Control, Computed Tomography, Modification, Ex Vivo

Journal: Bioengineering

Article Title: Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles Are a Promising Alternative to Antibiotics for Treating Sepsis

doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11111160

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies have been approved by regulatory agencies worldwide.

Article Snippet: Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Prochymal , Crohn’s Disease , Osiris Therapeutics , United States , 2009.

Techniques: